MATTER:
There are 3 "states" of matter that students will be learning about:
Solids - anything that has and keeps its own shape (pillows, tables, dvds, etc.)
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume
Liquids - anything that changes shape to fit its container/can usually be poured (water, syrup,
oceans, lemonade, etc.); Liquids have definite volume, but no definite shape
Gases - anything that does not have its own shape and can spread out to fill any space around it
(oxygen, helium, fire, etc.); Gases do not have a fixed volume nor a fixed shape
All matter has "properties" and students will be asked to recognize and classify matter based on various physical properties such as:
** mass, shape, volume, color, hardness, odor, taste, texture, and attraction to magnets **
Mass = the amount of matter an object contains
Volume = the amount of space an object takes up
Hardness = How hard or soft an object is
Texture = How an object feels
Some materials will dissolve in water and some will not.
*Stirring the mixture and increasing the temperature will SPEED UP the dissolving process
*The surface area is another condition that can speed up or slow down the dissolving process
Physical and Chemical changes are often affected by temperature:
Physical Change = A change that begins and ends with the same type of matter; changes can be
in size, shape, position, texture, or state (ex.- water freezing from a liquid
into solid ice is STILL water, just its state of matter has changed)
Chemical Change = a change in the matter itself; substance starts as one type of matter and
ends up as another type of matter (ex.- 2 Hydrogen atoms combining with
oxygen to create water or mixing ingredients together to form cake batter)
*Students will need to know the terms: melting, freezing, boiling, evaporation, and condensation
*Students will need to know that chemical changes can be decaying plant and animal material,
burning, rusting, and cooking.
ENERGY:
There are the 6 basic types of energy that students will be responsible for knowing by 5th Grade. I will be introducing the first 3 types in 1st and 2nd grade and will add 1 to 2 more types in each grade level thereafter:
heat, light, sound, electrical, chemical, and mechanical
Students are responsible for knowing the following:
*That light travels in a straight line until it hits another object.
*Light can be reflected, refracted, and absorbed.
Reflection = when light BOUNCES off of one surface to another (ex- light from a flashlight
bouncing off of the floor onto the ceiling).
Refraction = when light is BENT as it passes through 2 different types of matter
(ex- when a straw looks bent in a glass of water).
*Things that give off light often give off heat also.
*Heat is produced when 1 object rubs against another object (ex- rubbing your hands together).
*Heat flows from a hot object into a cold object.
*Sound is produced by vibrations and pitch depends on how fast or slow the object vibrates.
Energy can cause motion (movement) or create change (ex- heating water changes it into vapor).
Electrical energy can be transformed in heat, light, sound, and motion.
*The Sun can heat objects/when the Sun is not present, heat may be lost
*Heat flows from a hot object into a cold object and may cause materials to change temps
*Common materials that conduct heat well are metals
*Materials such as styrofoam and rubber conduct heat poorly
*Electrically charged objects can attract or repel another charged object even without contact
*Electricity requires a CLOSED CIRCUIT to flow completely
*COPPER is the best conductor of electicity (ex- like the copper wires in our homes)
*RUBBER is the best insulator (ex- this is why all electrical cords are wrapped in rubber)
FORCES & CHANGE in MOTION:
Forces are anything that causes an object to move, such as pushes, pulls, gravity, friction, and magnetic force.
*Magnets can attract magnetic materials, such as iron, nickel, and cobalt.
*Magnets can ATTRACT or REPEL other magnets based on their poles.
Attract = to pull together; when a North Pole of a magnet meets a South Pole of another
magnet; "Opposites Attract"
Repel = to push apart in opposite directions; when like poles of a magnet meet one another
Friction = a resistance to movement (ex- the tires of a bike encounter less friction on a
sidewalk than they do in the grass/the grass creates more friction)
The greater the force applied to an object, the greater the change in the motion of that object.
(ex.- if you hit a ball with a great force it will travel a great distance/if the ball is barely hit, it
will only travel a short distance)
*An object in motion always changes its position and may change its direction
*Objects can move at different speeds
Speed = the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time
*The more mass found in an object, the greater the force needed to affect its motion
(ex- less force is needed to move an empty desk than a desk full of books and papers)
HOPE THIS HELPS! :)
There are 3 "states" of matter that students will be learning about:
Solids - anything that has and keeps its own shape (pillows, tables, dvds, etc.)
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume
Liquids - anything that changes shape to fit its container/can usually be poured (water, syrup,
oceans, lemonade, etc.); Liquids have definite volume, but no definite shape
Gases - anything that does not have its own shape and can spread out to fill any space around it
(oxygen, helium, fire, etc.); Gases do not have a fixed volume nor a fixed shape
All matter has "properties" and students will be asked to recognize and classify matter based on various physical properties such as:
** mass, shape, volume, color, hardness, odor, taste, texture, and attraction to magnets **
Mass = the amount of matter an object contains
Volume = the amount of space an object takes up
Hardness = How hard or soft an object is
Texture = How an object feels
Some materials will dissolve in water and some will not.
*Stirring the mixture and increasing the temperature will SPEED UP the dissolving process
*The surface area is another condition that can speed up or slow down the dissolving process
Physical and Chemical changes are often affected by temperature:
Physical Change = A change that begins and ends with the same type of matter; changes can be
in size, shape, position, texture, or state (ex.- water freezing from a liquid
into solid ice is STILL water, just its state of matter has changed)
Chemical Change = a change in the matter itself; substance starts as one type of matter and
ends up as another type of matter (ex.- 2 Hydrogen atoms combining with
oxygen to create water or mixing ingredients together to form cake batter)
*Students will need to know the terms: melting, freezing, boiling, evaporation, and condensation
*Students will need to know that chemical changes can be decaying plant and animal material,
burning, rusting, and cooking.
ENERGY:
There are the 6 basic types of energy that students will be responsible for knowing by 5th Grade. I will be introducing the first 3 types in 1st and 2nd grade and will add 1 to 2 more types in each grade level thereafter:
heat, light, sound, electrical, chemical, and mechanical
Students are responsible for knowing the following:
*That light travels in a straight line until it hits another object.
*Light can be reflected, refracted, and absorbed.
Reflection = when light BOUNCES off of one surface to another (ex- light from a flashlight
bouncing off of the floor onto the ceiling).
Refraction = when light is BENT as it passes through 2 different types of matter
(ex- when a straw looks bent in a glass of water).
*Things that give off light often give off heat also.
*Heat is produced when 1 object rubs against another object (ex- rubbing your hands together).
*Heat flows from a hot object into a cold object.
*Sound is produced by vibrations and pitch depends on how fast or slow the object vibrates.
Energy can cause motion (movement) or create change (ex- heating water changes it into vapor).
Electrical energy can be transformed in heat, light, sound, and motion.
*The Sun can heat objects/when the Sun is not present, heat may be lost
*Heat flows from a hot object into a cold object and may cause materials to change temps
*Common materials that conduct heat well are metals
*Materials such as styrofoam and rubber conduct heat poorly
*Electrically charged objects can attract or repel another charged object even without contact
*Electricity requires a CLOSED CIRCUIT to flow completely
*COPPER is the best conductor of electicity (ex- like the copper wires in our homes)
*RUBBER is the best insulator (ex- this is why all electrical cords are wrapped in rubber)
FORCES & CHANGE in MOTION:
Forces are anything that causes an object to move, such as pushes, pulls, gravity, friction, and magnetic force.
*Magnets can attract magnetic materials, such as iron, nickel, and cobalt.
*Magnets can ATTRACT or REPEL other magnets based on their poles.
Attract = to pull together; when a North Pole of a magnet meets a South Pole of another
magnet; "Opposites Attract"
Repel = to push apart in opposite directions; when like poles of a magnet meet one another
Friction = a resistance to movement (ex- the tires of a bike encounter less friction on a
sidewalk than they do in the grass/the grass creates more friction)
The greater the force applied to an object, the greater the change in the motion of that object.
(ex.- if you hit a ball with a great force it will travel a great distance/if the ball is barely hit, it
will only travel a short distance)
*An object in motion always changes its position and may change its direction
*Objects can move at different speeds
Speed = the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time
*The more mass found in an object, the greater the force needed to affect its motion
(ex- less force is needed to move an empty desk than a desk full of books and papers)
HOPE THIS HELPS! :)
